Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that the pro-inflammatory cytokines (PICs) can affect learning and memory processes. To examine the effect of the PICs on leverpress escape/avoidance conditioning, we injected male Sprague-Dawley rats with IL-1β, IL-6 (both 3.0 μg/kg, i.p.), TNFα (6.0 μg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle, 24 h before a single 4-h session of leverpress escape/avoidance conditioning. The TNFα-treated animals made more avoidance responses and fewer escape responses than controls during the last hour of the session. Further, both TNFα- and IL-1β-treated animals had a higher percent avoidance than controls during the 4th hour of the session. None of the cytokines had an effect on the number of leverpresses during safety, a putative measure of anxiety. Results are discussed in terms of the differential central effects of the pro-inflammatory cytokines and the possible relationship to avoidance conditioning.
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