Abstract
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) preparations are used in horses with osteoarthritis (OA). However, some controversies remain regarding the ideal concentration of platelets and leukocytes to produce an adequate anti-inflammatory and anabolic response in the synovial membrane. The aims of this study were to study the influence of leukoconcentrated platelet-rich gel (Lc-PRG) and leukoreduced platelet-rich gel (Lr-PRG) supernatants on the quantitative expression of some proinflammatory and anabolic genes in equine synovial membrane explants (SMEs) challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). SMEs from six horses were cultured over 96 h. Then, SMEs were harvested for RNA extraction and quantitative gene expression analysis by RT-qPCR for nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB), matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13), a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 4 (ADAMTS-4), collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1A1), collagen type II alpha 1 (COL2A1), and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP). The 25% and 50% Lc-PRG supernatants led to downregulation of NFκB, MMP-13, ADAMTS-4, COL1A1, COL2A1, and COMP in SMEs. Lr-PRG supernatants (particularly at the 50% concentration) induced downregulation of NFκB, MMP-13, ADAMTS-4, and COL1A1 and upregulation of COL2A1 and COMP. Lr-PRG supernatants should be used for the treatment of inflammatory arthropathies in horses because they have anti-inflammatory and anabolic effects in the synovial membrane.
Highlights
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and other plateletrelated products have emerged as a therapeutic option for the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) in humans [1, 2] and horses [2,3,4,5,6]
We evaluated the expression of some key genes (nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB), matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13), a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 4 (ADAMTS-4), collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1A1), collagen type II alpha 1 (COL2A1), and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP)) implicated in joint homeostasis and pathology
All platelet-rich gel (PRG) supernatants at different concentrations produced an interesting downregulation of proinflammatory genes (MMP-13 and ADAMTS-4) when compared to the gene expression observed in synovial membrane explants (SMEs) from the control group plus LPS
Summary
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and other plateletrelated products have emerged as a therapeutic option for the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) in humans [1, 2] and horses [2,3,4,5,6]. There are several PRP preparations with different cellular (platelets and white blood cells (WBCs)) and molecular (growth factors (GFs) and cytokines) profiles, which undoubtedly produce different joint tissue responses after they come into contact with these substances [1, 2, 7, 8]. LrPRP preparations are represented by cell concentrates with variable counts of platelets and without or with negligible numbers of WBCs, whereas Lc-PRP preparations are hemoderivatives with high concentration of leukocytes [9]. Once any PRP preparation is mixed with an activating substance, like calcium salts or thrombin, it is polymerized into a platelet-rich gel (PRG), which is a live biological scaffold with the capacity to retain and release GFs over time [10]. We have performed an in vitro study to evaluate the effects of different concentrations (25 and 50%) of Lr-LPG and Lc-PRG supernatants over a 96 h period on anabolic and proinflammatory gene expression
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