Progressive proximal spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy of late onset: a sex-linked recessive trait.

Abstract

Neurology 1968;18:671-680 Progressive spinal muscular atrophy, juvenile proximal spinal muscular atrophy (Kugelberg-Welander), and infantile muscular atrophy (Werdnig-Hoffman) comprise a group of diseases by virtue of their pathological similarity. Chronic degeneration of the lower motor neurons and neurogenic atrophy of the skeletal muscle are common to all. The diseases differ in mode of inheritance, age of onset, distribution of muscular atrophy, and prognosis. Some investigators have considered them as a continuum of the same disease, underscoring the pathological similarity, while others have emphasized the clinical differences and prefer to regard them as distinct entities. This report describes 2 families in which 11 members, all male, were affected by an unusual, slowly progressive spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy. This disease, apparently inherited as a sex-linked recessive trait, becomes manifest clinically in the fourth and fifth decades and initially involves proximal muscles. The proximal weakness gave a clinical picture similar to muscular dystrophy in some patients. A full description is made of the prepositus of each family, but only the more striking features or unusual aspects are mentioned in the other cases. Case 1 (V-9). A 57-year-old white meat packer first noted the onset of low back pain at age 30 (Fig. 2). Five years later, he began to experience muscle cramps and fasciculations. He was able to wield a heavy meat cleaver until age 37 when increasing weakness of the shoulder and pelvic girdle muscles forced him to retire. A neurological examination at that time revealed weakness and fasciculations of the proximal limb and girdle muscles. Fig. 2. ( Left ) Case 1 (V-9). Member of B family. Weakness and atrophy of muscles in extremities, with maximal involvement in girdle musculature. Fig. 3. ( Right ) Case 7 (V-29). Member of B family. Progressive bulbar and limb weakness. He was first examined at the University of …