Abstract
BackgroundProgressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare demyelinating disease due to a lytic infection of oligodendrocytes caused by John Cunningham polyoma virus (JCV) infection. Idiopathic CD4+ T-cell lymphocytopenia (ICL) is a very rare cause of PML. MethodsWe present an individual with PML secondary to ICL treated with 3 doses of pembrolizumab, a Programmed-Death-1 Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor following with complete resolution of symptoms and conduct a review of the literature. ConclusionThis report illustrates the objective clinical and radiological improvement in a patient with PML due to ICL and suggests further study of immune checkpoint inhibitors as potential treatment for patients with PML.
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