Progression in the Number of Cataract Surgeries in Brazil: 10 Years of Evolution

Abstract

ABSTRACT Objective This study aimed to assess the frequency of cataract surgery in Brazil between 2010 and 2019 and determine the impact of public policies on preventing blindness, thereby providing evidence to conduct healthcare programs. Methods An analytical epidemiological approach was employed, which used data from public databases, specifically the Hospital Information System (SIH-SUS) and the Outpatient Information System (SIA-SUS). We focused on cataract surgeries conducted via phacoemulsification and extracapsular cataract extraction techniques between 2010 and 2019, mainly targeting senile cataracts within the Brazilian public health system. Data were analyzed on an annual basis and stratified by region. Trends over time were assessed using generalized additive models. Results A statistically significant upward trend in cataract surgeries was observed both nationally and within the South region (p < 0.05). Nationally, there was a 40.22% increase in surgeries between 2010 and 2019. Furthermore, the surgery rate per 1000 individuals aged ≥50 years varied across regions: nationally, it was 10.85, with rates of 9.23 in the Southeast, 13.86 in the Northeast, 9.23 in the South, 11.94 in the Midwest, and 14.2 in the North. Conclusion All regions of the country, a satisfactory number of cataract surgeries were performed at some point. Only the Southern region demonstrated a notable upward trend in the number of cataract surgeries. Conversely, the remaining regions failed to sustain surgical performance, hindering consistent improvement in cataract-related conditions. To accurately gauge the prevalence of blindness in Brazil, it is crucial to examine the population growth among individuals aged ≥50 years.