Abstract
HIV-1 Infection Although most people that become infected with HIV-1 develop AIDS, rare individuals maintain immune function in the presence of virus. This phenomenon is also seen in natural hosts of the closely related simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). Muenchhoff et al. describe a cohort of pediatric HIV-1 patients that have normal CD4 T cell counts, despite high viremia and lack of antiviral treatment. These children have low immune activation, including lower expression of chemokine receptor CCR5 on central memory CD4 T cells, similar to sooty mangabeys infected with SIV. The immune mechanisms described in these patients shed light on HIV pathogenesis, which may help in developing treatments. Sci. Transl. Med. 8 , 358ra125 (2016).
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