Abstract
As the main bioactive constituents of Panax species, ginsenosides possess a wide range of notable medicinal effects such as anti-cancer, anti-oxidative, antiaging, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective activities. However, the increasing medical demand for ginsenosides cannot be met due to the limited resource of Panax species and the low contents of ginsenosides. In recent years, biotechnological approaches have been utilized to increase the production of ginsenosides by regulating the key enzymes of ginsenoside biosynthesis, while synthetic biology strategies have been adopted to produce ginsenosides by introducing these genes into yeast. This review summarizes the latest research progress on cloning and functional characterization of key genes dedicated to the production of ginsenosides, which not only lays the foundation for their application in plant engineering, but also provides the building blocks for the production of ginsenosides by synthetic biology.
Highlights
Panax species—including Panax ginseng, Panax quinquefolius and Panax notoginseng—have been widely used as traditional herbal medicine in Asia for thousands of years [1,2]
The results revealed that the increased SS activity significantly improved the production of phytosterols and triterpenoids, suggesting that SS is a key enzyme for ginsenoside biosynthesis
Compared with the non-transformed callus, the expression level of SS in transformed callus decreased and the ginsenosides had certain changes. These results indicate that SS is a key enzyme of ginsenoside biosynthesis and the yields of ginsenosides can be regulated by inhibiting SS gene expression
Summary
Panax species—including Panax ginseng, Panax quinquefolius and Panax notoginseng—have been widely used as traditional herbal medicine in Asia for thousands of years [1,2]. Liu et al [14] reported PnHMGR2 from P. notoginseng encoded an unstable protein with 589 amino acids and possessed one catalytic domain and two transmembrane regions, which was expressed mainly in flowers followed by roots, stems, and the least in leaves. P. ginseng and C. asiatica, respectively, with the triterpenoid structures among the above plants being very similar These results indicate that FPS plays an important role in the triterpene biosynthesis
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
