Progress on the advanced prevalence and treatment of childhood asthma based on genetic and epigenetics mechanisms

Abstract

Over the previous ten years, there has been a notable escalation in the global prevalence of asthma in children. This increased incidence has predominantly manifested in regions and countries with greater economic development. Therefore, it demands significant attention. The occurrence of childhood asthma is known to be influenced by both genetics and epigenetics. Epigenetics, e.g., DNA methylation, can be influenced by the environmental factors, thus affect gene expression. These environmental factors include exposure to smoking, viral infections, allergens, and endotoxins. This article analyzes relevant research in recent years and finds that: Regarding genetics, several susceptible genes associated with childhood asthma have been identified, such as ORMDL3, GSDMB, RAD50, HLA-G, CXCR5, IL-4, IL-13 and TSLP; In recent times, it has been observed by an expanding body of researchers that the interplay between environmental elements and genetic factors collectively influence the onset and progression of asthma. Nowadays, the primary treatment for asthma involves medication, while immunotherapy is still under investigation. Therefore, strengthening the prevention of childhood asthma is of utmost importance.