Abstract
A key issue for the biorefineries is the cost-effective conversion of carbohydrates contained in lignocellulosic biomass into fermentable sugars, which will provide a viable route to biofuels and bioproducts. Many different raw materials, conversion methods, and process configurations have been studied for the generation of sugars from lignocellulosic biomass. Most of the schemes for lignocellulosic biomass conversion include a pretreatment step to increase digestibility of the substrates and an enzymatic hydrolysis process, which is a crucial step and determines the overall process efficiency. Due to lignocellulose complex structure, different enzymes are involved in the degradation of the substrates and appropriate combinations of different activities are required for complete hydrolysis. This chapter reviews novel advances in enzymatic hydrolysis technologies for lignocellulose conversion, with special focus on the necessity of optimized enzyme mixtures using accessory activities, and the advantages of operating at high initial substrate concentrations.
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