Progress on cell lineage analysis in <I>Drosophila melanogaster</I>

Abstract

Lineage analysis of a single cell provides a powerful mean to delineate its functions during animal development, which, however, has been hindered by the complex nature of tissues that consist of many different types of cells with divergent morphologies, structures and functions. Mosaic technique and various labeling methods have provided ideal genetic tools for such studies. In this review, we described seven lineage analysis techniques that have been generally applied in Drosophila melanogaster, including FRT-mediated mitotic recombination, MARCM (Mosaic analysis with a repressible cell marker), TSG (Twin spot generator), Twin-spot MARCM, Q-MARCM (Q system-based MARCM), Coupled MARCM, and G-TRACE (Gal4 technique for real-time and clonal expression). These techniques enable researchers to perform genetic manipulations at a single cell level, and trace its development in complicated systems such as the nervous system. These methods may also be applied to lineage analysis in other model organisms.