Abstract
We review our progress on 3+1D Glasma simulations to describe the earliest stages of heavy-ion collisions. In our simulations we include nuclei with finite longitudinal extent and describe the collision process as well as the evolution of the strongly interacting gluonic fields in the laboratory frame in 3+1 dimensions using the colored particle-in-cell method. This allows us to compute the 3+1 dimensional Glasma energy-momentum tensor, whose rapidity dependence can be compared to experimental pion multiplicity data from RHIC. An improved scheme cures the numerical Cherenkov instability and paves the way for simulations at higher energies used at LHC.
Highlights
QCD matter under extreme temperatures and densities in the form of the quark-gluon plasma is experimentally accessible in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
We review our progress on 3+1D Glasma simulations to describe the earliest stages of heavy-ion collisions
The highest collision energies have been achieved at LHC and RHIC, and lower collision energies are being explored in the Beam Energy Scan programs of RHIC [1] and upcoming programs at GSI FAIR [2] and JINR NICA [3]
Summary
QCD matter under extreme temperatures and densities in the form of the quark-gluon plasma is experimentally accessible in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. The loss of boost invariance requires us to keep track of the hard color sources throughout the subsequent evolution after the collision This is achieved using the colored particlein-cell method (CPIC), which has been originally developed to study aspects of the evolution of the quark-gluon plasma [40,41,42,43,44]. The simulation is performed in the laboratory frame and follows the nuclei throughout the collision process Using this approach, we demonstrate that already a classical leading-order CGC simulation can give rise to a rapidity dependency consistent with experimental findings. In CGC effective theory the color currents of nuclei are stochastic fields whose distribution is described by a probability functional W [ρ].
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