Progress of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in treating Ph positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children

Abstract

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL)is the most common cancer in children and the presence of Philadelphia chromosome or breakpoint cluster region/Abelson leukemia virus (BCR/ABL) 1 fusion gene which accounting for 3%-5% in ALL is an adverse prognostic factor associated with a high risk of therapeutic failure and relapse. It′s pathogenic mechanism is activating the tyrosine kinase and cell proliferate persistently. Recently, tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKI) have improved the complete remission (CR) and survival rate greatly, and somehow replace the allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). In addition, some researches still concern the adverse effects and resistence to TKI. Here, we review the progress of clinical effciency, adverse effect and resistence mechanisms of TKI and discuss the challenges and future prospects. Key words: Leukemia, lymphoblastic, acute; Tyrosine kinase inhibitors; Philadelphia chromosome; Child