Progress of research into circular RNAs in urinary neoplasms.

Bangbei Wan,Bo Liu,Cai Lv

doi:10.7717/peerj.8666

Abstract

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a large class of endogenous RNA that form a covalently closed continuous loop without 5′ or 3′ tails and are diffusely expressed in mammalian cells. Through the development of high-throughput sequencing, microarray, and bioinformatics analyses, recent studies have shown that the expression of circRNAs is dysregulated in human tumor tissues and cells, as well as in the blood of patients, and closely correlates with the development of tumors. circRNAs can regulate the progression of tumors through various mechanisms. An increasing number of studies have shown that circRNAs may play critical roles in the early diagnosis, targeted therapy, and prognostic prediction of cancer as biomarkers or therapeutic targets. This review briefly describes the definitions and functions of circRNAs, and the main content includes the most recent progress in research into their function, regulation, and clinical relevance to bladder, renal, and prostate cancers. We also provide some novel ideas regarding the treatment of these diseases.

Highlights

Noncoding RNA includes the major classes of housekeeping and regulatory ncRNAs
Regulatory ncRNAs can be classified according to length (200 bp), including small noncoding RNA that contain microRNA, small nuclear RNA (snRNA), piRNA, siRNA, and long ncRNA
The present review mainly highlights the most recent progress in research related to the functions, regulation, and clinical relevance of circRNAs in bladder cancer (BC), renal cell

Summary

Introduction

Noncoding RNA (ncRNA) includes the major classes of housekeeping and regulatory ncRNAs. Inhibitor activities circRNAs function as sponges for miRNA to upregulate target gene expression and inhibit the progression of BC (Fig. 1B). CircRNAs function as sponges of miRNAs to upregulate target gene expression and inhibit BC progression (Fig. 1B). Migration, invasion, tumor growth, and lymphatic metastasis in vitro and in vivo.

Results

Conclusion