Progress of diagnosis and treatment in children with thrombotic microangiopathy

Abstract

Thrombotic microangiopathy is a group of clinical and pathological syndrome, characterized mainly by hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and multiple organ dysfunctions, caused by a variety of reasons.Classic types of thrombotic microangiopathy include hemolytic uremic syndrome, and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.Hemolytic uremic syndrome is a critically ill glomerular disease, of which 90% found in children.Depending on the pathogenesis, hemolytic uremic syndrome is currently divided into 2 categories, namely, typical and atypical hemolytic uremic syndromes.Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome onsets rapidly, is dangerous disease, tends to recurring easily, and has high mortality in its acute phase.Nowadays, great interest is focused on the important role of the excessive activation of the alternative complement pathway in the pathogenesis of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome.This article report the recent advances on the cause, diagnosis, and treatment of thrombotic microangiopathy. Key words: Thrombotic microangiopathy; Hemolytic uremic syndrome; Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura; Diagnosis; Treatment; Child