Progress of DC Vaccine for Cancer Treatment

Abstract

Cancer refers to malignant tumors with biological characteristics such as abnormal cell differentiation and proliferation, uncontrolled growth, infiltration, and metastasis. Its occurrence is a complex process with multiple factors and steps. In September 2022, a study conducted by American scientists showed that the incidence rate of cancer had risen sharply worldwide since 1990.How to treat cancer has become a hot topic in recent years. The article mainly introduces the development history of cancer and its treatment methods, as well as the specific methods of using dendritic cell (DC) vaccines to treat cancer and how to make DC vaccines. DC are the cells with the strongest antigen-presenting ability in the human body. Usually, the number of DC cells in the human body is very small. Only when antigen-presenting cells can perform their antigen-presenting function normally can the body effectively recognize pathogens, activate the acquired immune system, and produce normal immune responses. DC cell therapy involves inducing the generation of DC by culturing patient autologous monocytes in vitro, then loading corresponding tumor antigens to produce DC loaded with tumor antigens. These DC cells are then injected into the body to stimulate the proliferation of tumor killing lymphocytes, exerting long-term tumor monitoring and tumor killing effects, and achieving the goal of eliminating tumors. Compared with other cancer treatment methods, DC is one of the most effective ways to stimulate the body's immune system and resist cancer invasion. As a highly specialized primary antigen presenting cell, it plays a key role in inducing efficient and specific T cell immune responses against related antigens.