Abstract
Developing various nanosensors with superior performance for accurate and sensitive detection of some physical signals is essential for advances in electronic systems. Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a unique semiconductor material with wide bandgap (3.37 eV) and high exciton binding energy (60 meV) at room temperature. ZnO nanostructures have been investigated extensively for possible use as high-performance sensors, due to their excellent optical, piezoelectric and electrochemical properties, as well as the large surface area. In this review, we primarily introduce the morphology and major synthetic methods of ZnO nanomaterials, with a brief discussion of the advantages and weaknesses of each method. Then, we mainly focus on the recent progress in ZnO nanosensors according to the functional classification, including pressure sensor, gas sensor, photoelectric sensor, biosensor and temperature sensor. We provide a comprehensive analysis of the research status and constraints for the development of ZnO nanosensor in each category. Finally, the challenges and future research directions of nanosensors based on ZnO are prospected and summarized. It is of profound significance to research ZnO nanosensors in depth, which will promote the development of artificial intelligence, medical and health, as well as industrial, production.
Highlights
Sensors, as devices that can sense and convert various measured signals, have been developed and improved upon for over a decade [1]
An innovative way to prepare Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanomaterial is by means of metal-organic frameworks (MOF), which are a new type of material with large specific surface area, adjustable pore size and easy functionalization of organic ligands and skeleton metal ions
Biosensors based on ZnO nanomaterials have been widely studied recently [103] and, we provide a brief introduction to biosensors according to the morphology of ZnO in the biosensor
Summary
As devices that can sense and convert various measured signals, have been developed and improved upon for over a decade [1]. Due to the small size, high sensitivity and high precision, nanosensors have attracted extensive attention in recent years [2,3] and they are used in numerous fields, such as healthcare, military, industrial control and robotics, networking and communications and environmental monitoring. Using the excellent characteristics of ZnO nanomaterials, various sensors, piezoelectric and photoelectric devices have been prepared [6,7], which are widely used in biotechnology, scientific research and industrial production. ZnO nanosensors have aroused extensive concern and researchers are working to achieve nanosensors with advantages such as low cost, high stability, high sensitivity, fast response and fast recovery [8,9]. We concentrate on the ZnO nanostructures and their fabrication methods; we give a review of ZnO nanosensors by classification of their functions, respectively
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