Abstract
Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis, Jacq.) is a prominent vegetable-oil-yielding crop. Cultivating high-yielding oil palm with improved traits is a pre-requisite to meet the increasing demands of palm oil consumption. However, tissue culture and biotechnological approaches can resolve these concerns. Over the past three decades, significant research has been carried out to develop tissue culture and genetic transformation protocols for oil palm. Somatic embryogenesis is an efficient platform for the micropropagation of oil palm on a large scale. In addition, various genetic transformation techniques, including microprojectile bombardment, Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated, Polyethylene glycol mediated mediated, and DNA microinjection, have been developed by optimizing various parameters for the efficient genetic transformation of oil palm. This review mainly emphasizes the methods established for in vitro propagation and genetic transformation of oil palm. Finally, we propose the application of the genome editing tool CRISPR/Cas9 to improve the various traits in this oil yielding crop.
Highlights
Oil palm species such as Elaeis guineensis Jacq. and Elaeis oleifera are widely distributed in the regions of Africa and South and Central America
The interspecific hybrid developed from African oil palm and American oil palm (E. oleifera × E. guineensis) is principally grown in the regions of South America [1,2]
Baharaiah et al [71] further demonstrated that the time period required for the recovery of transgenic plants is much less in the mannose selection system when compared with the Basta selection system. These results clearly demonstrate that the mannose is a promising selection agent for the genetic transformation of oil palm
Summary
Oil palm species such as Elaeis guineensis Jacq. and Elaeis oleifera are widely distributed in the regions of Africa and South and Central America. Practices of vegetative propagation methods are impossible for oil palm, as it does not produce axillary shoots To overcome these difficulties, the tissue culture approach is a suitable choice for the large-scale production of oil palm trees. Recent reports clearly demonstrated that oil palm breeding has achieved significant contributions to the enhancement of oil yield, oil quality, and disease resistance [6,17,18,19]. Our aim is to provide a comprehensive summary of the advances in tissue culture and biotechnological methodologies applied for the genetic improvement of oil palm, an important tropical oil crop
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