Abstract
Nowadays, the transport sector is trying to face climate change and to contribute to a sustainable world by introducing modern after-treatment systems or by using biofuels. In sectors such as road freight transportation, agricultural or cogeneration in which the electrification is not considered feasible with the current infrastructure, renewable options for diesel engines such as alcohols produced from waste or lignocellulosic materials with advanced production techniques show a significant potential to reduce the life-cycle greenhouse emissions with respect to diesel fuel. This study concludes that lignocellulosic biobutanol can achieve 60% lower greenhouse gas emissions than diesel fuel. Butanol-diesel blends, with up to 40% butanol content, could be successfully used in a diesel engine calibrated for 100% diesel fuel without any additional engine modification nor electronic control unit recalibration at a warm ambient temperature. When n-butanol is introduced, particulate matter emissions are sharply reduced for butanol contents up to 16% (by volume), whereas NOX emissions are not negatively affected. Butanol-diesel blends could be introduced without startability problems up to 13% (by volume) butanol content at a cold ambient temperature. Therefore, biobutanol can be considered as an interesting option to be blended with diesel fuel, contributing to the decarbonization of these sectors.
Highlights
Since butanol has a significant potential to reduce the life-cycle greenhouse gas emisSince a significant potential to reduce the life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions withbutanol respect has to diesel fuel and to introduce a renewable blending component for sions with respect to diesel fuel and to introduce a renewable blending component for diesel engines, the aim of this study is to review the properties of butanol, to study their diesel engines, the aim of this study is to review the properties of butanol, to study their effect on combustion and to compare them with those of ethanol and reference diesel effect on combustion compare them with those of ethanol and techniques reference diesel fuel
[39] one but has explored in much detailcomponent than was previously carried has explored thisof topic in much moreconcentrations detail than wasand previously carried out, out, but considering a range different butanol the implications on confuel sidering a range of different butanol concentrations and the implications on fuel distribudistribution, storage and combustion compared with ethanol blends in diesel engines; (iii) tion, storage combustion with ethanol blends in diesel engines; differdifferently to and previous reviewscompared about regulated and unregulated emissions from (iii) diesel and ently to previous reviews about regulated and unregulated emissions diesel as and gasoline engines [40,41], this study focuses on regulated emissions usingfrom biobutanol a blendingengines component, with emphasis on the on effect of recent after-treatment technologies
This section summarizes the main conclusions derived from the use of butanol as a biofuel for diesel engines used in road freight transportation, tractors, harvesters and cogeneration
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This schematic diagram shows that the scientific community is aware of the interesting opportunities and scenarios derived from the use of biofuels in diesel engines in road freight transportation, in agricultural applications such as tractors, harvesters and self-propelled sprinklers and in cogeneration applications, among others This figure confirms the increasing interest in n-butanol as a blending component for diesel engines independently of the growing number of publications in the last years. Has explored thisof topic in much moreconcentrations detail than wasand previously carried out, out, but considering a range different butanol the implications on confuel sidering a range of different butanol concentrations and the implications on fuel distribudistribution, storage and combustion compared with ethanol blends in diesel engines; (iii) tion, storage combustion with ethanol blends in diesel engines; differdifferently to and previous reviewscompared about regulated and unregulated emissions from (iii) diesel and ently to previous reviews about regulated and unregulated emissions diesel as and gasoline engines [40,41], this study focuses on regulated emissions usingfrom biobutanol a blendingengines component, with emphasis on the on effect of recent after-treatment technologies. Gasoline [40,41], this study focuses regulated emissions using biobutanol as a blending component, with emphasis on the effect of recent after-treatment technologies
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