Abstract
Todorokite is one of common manganese oxides with a basic 3×3 tunnel structure in soils,sediments and ocean Mn nodules.The tunnels in todorokites are partially filled with water molecules and a variety of cations,and the morphology of todorokites mostly consist of plate-,needle-and fiber-shaped crystallites.The transformation of birnessite→buserite→todorokite is an important pathway for todoroktie formation.The influencing factors,such as type and amount of interlayer cation in buserite precursor,the amount of Mn(III) in the structure of layered precursor,the average manganese oxidation state and crystallinities of the precursors,reaction temperature,pH and clay minerals,would affect the formation of todorokite under hydrothermal and refluxing conditions.The influencing effects are apparent for formation of todorokite at atmospheric pressure.These manganese oxide octahedral molecular sieves could be used widely in sorbents,catalysis,separations,chemical sensors,and batteries due to their unique structure and high surface areas.
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