Abstract
二甲苯为无色透明、具有芳香气味的挥发性液体,工业用二甲苯为三种异构体(m-xylene、o-xylene、p-xylene)的混合物.二甲苯对中枢神经系统具有慢性毒性作用,长期接触可使神经系统功能紊乱,还可引起强烈的眼、皮肤、黏膜刺激症状[1].吸入高浓度的二甲苯可导致食欲缺乏、恶心、呕吐和腹痛,有时可引起肝肾可逆性损伤[2].许多国家颁布了二甲苯的职业接触限值以保护劳动者的健康,定期对劳动者进行生物监测以评价二甲苯的暴露程度.生物监测具有降低传统的暴露评价方法不确定性的潜力,还可以求得多途径和来源的暴露的总和.因此,生物监测很快成为环境暴露评价的金标准[3].生物标志物是生物监测的指标,应用灵敏、特异性的生物标志物能准确地反映机体从接触危险因素至发病的连续过程中的暴露水平、生物学效应和遗传易感性[4],生物标志物主要分为接触标志物、效应标志物和易感性标志物.目前,二甲苯的生物标志物研究主要集中在接触标志物领域,而效应标志物及易感性标志物的研究报道较少.
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