Abstract
Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) of various material systems are being heavily researched for the development of solid state single photon emitters, which are required for optical quantum computing and related technologies such as quantum key distribution and quantum metrology. In this review article, we give a broad spectrum overview of the QD-based single photon emitters developed to date, from the telecommunication bands in the IR to the deep UV.
Highlights
SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM DOTS FOR SINGLE PHOTON EMISSIONSince the proposal of semiconductor quantum dots and their application to lasers for improving the lasing characteristics of semiconductor laser diodes in the early 1980s,31 many research groups around the world have made great progress in the development of fabrication methods for quantum nanostructures and the development of consistent theoretical models to explain their underlying physical properties
Research into epitaxially grown semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) has progressed at an impressive rate, and single photon emitters based on structures of various materials and geometries have been developed operating in a wide range of wavelengths from the telecommunication band in the IR at 1.55 lm to the deep UV region at
As can be seen in the previous sections, great progress is being made toward the development and control of epitaxially grown QD-based single photon emitters for quantum information processing applications
Summary
Since the proposal of semiconductor quantum dots and their application to lasers for improving the lasing characteristics of semiconductor laser diodes in the early 1980s,31 many research groups around the world have made great progress in the development of fabrication methods for quantum nanostructures and the development of consistent theoretical models to explain their underlying physical properties. Due to the three-dimensional nature of the quantum confinement, the confined electrons and holes exhibit a delta-function-like density of states, which, when coupled with the fermionic nature of electrons, allows for the spectral isolation of individual optical transitions involving single electrons and the realization of single photon emission Due to their corresponding atomic-like discrete energy levels, semiconductor quantum dots are often given the moniker artificial atoms. The majority of studies on semiconductor QDs have been performed on self-assembled structures, which form due to a partial release of built-up strain when the QD material is coherently grown layer by layer on top of a material with a differing in-plane lattice constant [the Stranski–Krastanow (SK) growth mode]. $90%.76 Work has progressed on the direct coupling of QDs to waveguides, such that the excitation/emission can be efficiently controlled.[77–81]
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