Abstract
谷氨酰胺(Gln)是人体内含量最多的条件必需氨基酸,是一种高效能量物质,为体内合成嘌呤、嘧啶及核苷酸提供氮的前体,参与体内酸碱平衡调节,运送氮源和氮源的提供者,是肠道黏膜细胞及各种快速生长细胞的代谢氧化燃料.与肝脏或骨骼肌相比,小肠上皮细胞内Gln池贮量很小,明显依赖于外源性Gln的供给,小肠黏膜Gln合成酶活性也很低.因此,早产儿有必要补充Gln.在应激状态下,Gln通过降低肠黏膜通透性、增强肠道免疫力、阻止肠黏膜细胞凋亡和减少菌群移位等作用保护肠道.早产儿经胃肠道或静脉补充Gln能改善喂养耐受性,缩短静脉营养时间,并能更快过渡到全胃肠道喂养,还能降低坏死性小肠结肠炎的发生率.但目前临床上是否对重症患者和早产儿等常规使用Gln还存在很大争议,Gln的用量也还没有明确的标准可供参考。
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