Abstract
Fluid infusion is one of the most common therapeutic measures in clinical practice. With the development of medical technology, the assessment of fluid responsiveness before fluid infusion has become simpler and less invasive. The assessment of fluid responsiveness is based on three aspects: cardiopulmonary interaction, volume-loading test and endogenous volume-loading test. This article reviews the progress in the assessment of fluid responsiveness with the application of ultrasound and noninvasive continuous cardiac output monitoring, and the prospect of future improvement. Key words: Noninvasive; Ultrasound; Continuous cardiac output monitoring; Fluid responsiveness
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