Progress in Hemoperfusion Adsorbents of Common Toxins in Liver and Kidney Failure.

Abstract

Liver and kidney failure can lead to extensive accumulation of toxic metabolites in the blood and tissues, such as bilirubin, blood ammonia, endotoxins, cytokines, creatinine, uric acid, and urea, which aggravate the progression of the disease. Hemoperfusion can effectively adsorb and remove toxins from the blood and treat liver and kidney failure. However, the adsorption efficiency and safety of traditional hemoperfusion adsorbents are not ideal. Thus, it is urgent to develop new toxin adsorbents with good blood compatibility, as well as high adsorption and strong selective capacities, to fulfill the growing clinical needs. In recent years, new hemoperfusion adsorption materials that can improve the adsorption performance of blood toxins while maintaining good blood compatibility have been developed, with promising potential for clinical applications. This review classifies and summarizes the recent research progress in hemoperfusion adsorbents for common blood toxins (bilirubin, blood ammonia, endotoxins, cytokines, creatinine, uric acid, and urea) produced by liver and kidney failure. The composition and structure of various toxin adsorbents, toxin adsorption performance, biocompatibility, blood safety, and the mechanisms of toxin adsorption are discussed. Based on a summary of recent studies, feasible strategies have been explored for designing and preparing hemoperfusion adsorbents to fulfill future development requirements. The trends and clinical application prospects of various toxin adsorbents are also discussed. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.