Abstract
Electric vehicles have become increasingly popular in recent years due to our limited natural resources. As a result, interest in climate control systems for electric vehicles is rising rapidly. According to a variety of research sources, the heat pump air conditioning system seems to be a potential climate control system for electric vehicles. In this paper, an extensive literature review has been performed on the progress in heat pump air conditioning systems for electric vehicles. First, a review of applications of alternative environmentally friendly refrigerants in electric vehicles is introduced. This is followed by a review of other advanced technologies, such as the inverter technology, innovative components and the system structure of the heat pump air conditioning system for electric vehicles. Lastly, recent developments in multiple source heat pump systems are presented. The use of these advanced technologies can provide not only sufficient refrigerating capacity for the electric vehicle, but also higher climate control system efficiency. We believe that ideal practical air conditioning for electric vehicles can be attained in the near future as the mentioned technical problems are gradually resolved.
Highlights
Due to pollution reduction and greenhouse gas emission reduction policies, fully electric vehicles (EVs) are being strongly promoted
Concluded that when the waste heat from the stack coolant was used as the evaporating heat source, the heat pump using R744 could provide sufficient heating capacity and heating coefficient of performance (COP) under cold weather conditions
Compared to the standard of the positive temperature coefficient (PTC) heater at an indoor temperature of 20 ̋ C, the heating capacity was increased by 59% for the combined system, and the COP was increased by 100% for the heat pump system
Summary
Due to pollution reduction and greenhouse gas emission reduction policies, fully electric vehicles (EVs) are being strongly promoted. The PTC heater could provide sufficient heat energy to warm up the cabin, its energy was derived from battery electricity It resulted in 24% losses of the driving range for fully EVs due to the low energy efficiency of PTC heaters [7]. These systems can supply sufficient cooling or heating capacity while minimizing the influence of the AC system on driving ranges It is the intent of this paper to review the most recent progress concerning heat pump AC technologies for EVs. This review is broadly divided into two key categories and will be systematically organized. Multiple source heat pump AC systems are analyzed These systems are applied for all possible heat sources in EVs to enhance the heating capacity under very low outdoor temperature conditions, as well as to achieve high energy efficiency. Conclusions are drawn based on the various reviews and analyses
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