Abstract
Zinc (Zn) and zinc–nickel (Zn–Ni) electrodeposition has been widely used in many industries, such as automotive and aerospace, for corrosion protection of steel components owing to their excellent corrosion resistance. Conventional zinc and zinc–nickel electrodeposition is performed in different types of aqueous baths (acid and alkaline). Such electrolytes suffer from certain drawbacks such as hydrogen gas evolution, low coulombic efficiencies, and environmental toxicity. Electrodeposition of Zn and Zn–Ni alloys from ionic liquids has gained significant attention in aerospace and automotive sectors owing to the different environments they provide for electrodeposition. This paper reviews the progress in deposition of zinc and zinc-nickel alloys in non-aqueous systems, especially ionic liquids. In addition, the challenges and technological developments associated with the Zn and Zn–Ni deposition on different substrates and the factors that need to be considered while electroplating at an industrial scale are discussed.
Highlights
The metallization of a surface is of great technological importance
The results showed that Zn–Ni alloy obtained with ethylenediamine when added as an additive has the higher corrosion resistance, owing to better grain refinement increase of corrosion potential
Another aspect of Zn and Zn–Ni alloy electrodeposition is that ionic liquids (ILs) themselves can be used as additives during plating from aqueous electrolytes as a grain refiner, to improve the properties of the deposit, as mentioned previously [57]
Summary
The metallization of a surface is of great technological importance. Several techniques have been developed and used industrially to produce protective coatings. Electrodeposition of Zn and Zn–alloys (containing Ni) is generally carried out from aqueous cyanide acid baths, alkaline cyanide-free baths, and acid chloride baths [4], which are toxic and corrosive Despite their attractive properties such as high solubility to metal salts, high conductivity, and low viscosity, industrial zinc platings suffer from common problems such as hydrogen embrittlement and low coulombic efficiency [5]. Certain complexing agents that are added to improve the Zn and Zn–Ni deposit properties are subjected to anodic oxidation, and will result in the formation of breakdown products during the electrolysis of Zn–Ni aqueous plating solution, which may pose environmental hazards It reduces the electrolyte lifetime (bath life) and requires frequent disposal followed by fresh preparation of the solution, and increases the production costs. Electrodeposition owing to their remarkable characteristics, especially eliminating the hydrogen evolution during electroplating
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