Abstract
Bacterial spot (BS), caused by four species of Xanthomonas: X. euvesicatoria, X. vesicatoria, X. perforans and X. gardneri in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) results in severe loss in yield and quality by defoliation and the appearance of lesions on fruits, respectively. The combined industry standard for BS control (foliar applications Actigard® rotated with copper plus mancozeb) does not offer sufficient protection, especially when weather conditions favor disease spread. Development of tomato cultivars with BS resistance is thus an important measure to minimize losses. Hypersensitive and non-hypersensitive resistance has been identified in different wild accessions and cultivated tomato relatives and has been transferred to cultivated tomato. However, complete resistance is yet to be obtained. With the advent of next generation sequencing and precise genome editing tools, the genetic regions that confer resistance to bacterial spot can be targeted and enriched through gene pyramiding in a new commercial cultivar which may confer higher degree of horizontal resistance to multiple strains of Xanthomonas causing bacterial spot in tomato.
Highlights
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is the second most important vegetable crop in the world.Various abiotic and biotic factors affect tomato production and quality
bacterial spot (BS) starts with development of small, yellow-green lesions progressing into dark, water soaked, greasy lesions encircled by yellow halo on all foliar parts of a tomato plant
Plants have developed a unique ability to identify the pathogenic microbes, able to cause infection, by recognizing conserved microbial molecules known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or identify the non-pathogenic conserved elements known as microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) [13,14]
Summary
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is the second most important vegetable crop in the world. Diseases are the most challenging component leading to deterioration of plant health and decrease in production. BS starts with development of small, yellow-green lesions progressing into dark, water soaked, greasy lesions encircled by yellow halo on all foliar parts of a tomato plant. This leads to defoliation and fruits with lesions causing severe decrease in production. Management of bacterial spot in field is challenging, especially during warm and humid conditions, as biological, chemical and other components of integrated pest management fail to offer effective control in restricting the losses below economic threshold [4,5,6,7]. We discuss the various breeding approaches undertaken to develop resistance to BS in tomato
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