Abstract
Insufficient intake of beneficial food components into the human body is a major issue for many people. Among the strategies proposed to overcome this complication, colloid systems have been proven to offer successful solutions in many cases. The scientific community agrees that the production of colloid delivery systems is a good way to adequately protect and deliver nutritional components. In this review, we present the recent advances on bioactive phenolic compounds delivery mediated by colloid systems. As we are aware that this field is constantly evolving, we have focused our attention on the progress made in recent years in this specific field. To achieve this goal, structural and dynamic aspects of different colloid delivery systems, and the various interactions with two bioactive constituents, are presented and discussed. The choice of the appropriate delivery system for a given molecule depends on whether the drug is incorporated in an aqueous or hydrophobic environment. With this in mind, the aim of this evaluation was focused on two case studies, one representative of hydrophobic phenolic compounds and the other of hydrophilic ones. In particular, hydroxytyrosol was selected as a bioactive phenol with a hydrophilic character, while curcumin was selected as typical representative hydrophobic molecules.
Highlights
Modern trends in food science respond to the growing demand of consumers for a healthier lifestyle, associated with the consumption of healthier foods [1]
We present the recent advances on bioactive phenolic compounds delivery mediated by colloid systems
Hydroxytyrosol was selected as a bioactive phenol with a hydrophilic character, while curcumin was selected as typical representative hydrophobic molecules
Summary
Modern trends in food science respond to the growing demand of consumers for a healthier lifestyle, associated with the consumption of healthier foods [1]. Nutraceutical compounds can act as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents that are able to extend the shelf life of food formulations and to modulate various human diseases [3,4,5,6] Thanks to these effects, such bioactive molecules represent a benefit to human health; to be effective, adequate formulations are required to improve their solubility, chemical stability, and bioavailability. The key aspects that limit the CUR bioavailability are the low solubility in gastrointestinal fluids and its propensity to experience chemical transformations within the gastrointestinal tract [40] These issues may be addressed by encapsulating CUR in food-grade delivery systems, such as liposomes, nano-complexes, colloidosomes [41,42], emulsions [20,43], nanoemulsions [44,45], or biopolymer nanoparticles [46,47]. A few effective multilayer emulsions as delivery systems have been reported, which are composed of pectin in combination with whey protein isolate [55], lecithin [56], and β-lactoglobulin [57]
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