Abstract
CAR-T therapy utilizes cytokines, cytotoxic particles, and ligand receptors in order to eradicate malignant cells. The objective may be accomplished by either directly inducing tumor cell death or indirectly augmenting the immune response against these cells. Recent days, in treating hematological malignancies, CAR-T therapy demonstrated high efficiency and multiple successful clinical applications. However, the available literature reveals a scarcity of research regarding the impact of CAR-T therapy on solid tumors although they account for about 90% of the cancer cases in the adult population. Solid tumors present challenges to CAR-T therapy because of trafficking or infiltration issues, tumor antigen heterogeneity, and an immunosuppressive microenvironment (TME). This review aims to assess these obstacles and explore various techniques and innovative approaches developed to address these limitations. Moreover, in this review, we review the structure and mechanism of CAR-T and further discuss the potential future applications of CAR-T therapy in treating solid malignancies.
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