Abstract
To improve the quality of deuterated polystyrene (DPS) shells, the synthesis and purification of DPS as well as the fabrication of DPS shells are investigated. The molecular weight and molecular weight distribution, measured by GPC-MALLS, are about 350 kg mol-1 and less than 2.0, respectively. The results of TG and GC-MS indicate that the residual solvent is almost completely removed. DPS shells with ∼ 300 μm –2500 μm diameter and ∼10 μm–100 μm wall thickness are successfully prepared by a microfluidic device. The monodispersity of the diameter is much better than that of the wall thickness in a batch of DPS shells. The vacuoles can be suppressed by both reducing hydrophilic residues in DPS and adding some salts into the outer water phase (W2). The defects appearing during the drying process decrease by heat treatment, ethanol exchange, and lowered drying temperature. The results presented in this work not only provide guidelines for the preparation of DPS shells of better quality, but also indicate challenges for the future.
Highlights
INTRODUCTIONDeuterated polystyrene (DPS) shells have been used to study the physics of highly compressed fuel plasmas in laser-driven inertial confined fusion (ICF), laboratory astrophysics, high field physics and so on. Like other polymer shells needed in the above extreme conditions, there are stringent specifications on the quality of DPS shells such as size requirements, monodispersity and surface finish. With DPS synthesized by radical polymerization, DPS shells with ; 100 mm–1500 mm diameter and ;3 mm–15 mm wall thickness have been successfully fabricated by the density-matched emulsion method. the method shows unsatisfactory controllability on the quality of DPS shells
With Deuterated polystyrene (DPS) synthesized by radical polymerization, DPS shells with ; 100 mm–1500 mm diameter and ;3 mm–15 mm wall thickness have been successfully fabricated by the density-matched emulsion method
The real inner diameter of the W1/O compound droplets was calculated by Eq (1), where to is the outer diameter and tp is the diameter of the corresponding droplets by rupturing the compound droplet, shown in Fig. 2.18 The outer diameter and wall thickness of the DPS shells were obtained from their X-ray digital images.19 ti III
Summary
Deuterated polystyrene (DPS) shells have been used to study the physics of highly compressed fuel plasmas in laser-driven inertial confined fusion (ICF), laboratory astrophysics, high field physics and so on. Like other polymer shells needed in the above extreme conditions, there are stringent specifications on the quality of DPS shells such as size requirements, monodispersity and surface finish. With DPS synthesized by radical polymerization, DPS shells with ; 100 mm–1500 mm diameter and ;3 mm–15 mm wall thickness have been successfully fabricated by the density-matched emulsion method. the method shows unsatisfactory controllability on the quality of DPS shells. It is necessary to introduce a new technique to fabricate DPS shells and investigate and reveal the factors which affect the quality of DPS shells. It has been reported that the CV (the coefficient of variation: the ratio of the standard deviation of the size distribution to its arithmetic mean) value for the diameter of compound droplets prepared by the microfluidic technique is less than 2%, which indicates excellent size monodispersity.. It has been reported that the CV (the coefficient of variation: the ratio of the standard deviation of the size distribution to its arithmetic mean) value for the diameter of compound droplets prepared by the microfluidic technique is less than 2%, which indicates excellent size monodispersity.13,14 It is promising, to improve the monodispersity of DPS shells by this method. The surface finish of DPS shells and the defects appearing during the drying process are investigated
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