Abstract
Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a clinical stage indicating a prodromal phase of dementia. This practical concept could be used also for fronto-temporal dementia (FTD). Progranulin (PGRN) has been recently recognized as a useful diagnostic biomarker for fronto-temporal lobe degeneration (FTLD) due to GRN null mutations. Electroencephalography (EEG) is a reliable tool in detecting brain networks changes. The working hypothesis of the present study is that EEG oscillations could detect different modifications among FTLD stages (FTD-MCI versus overt FTD) as well as differences between GRN mutation carriers versus non-carriers in patients with overt FTD.Materials and Methods: EEG in all patients and PGRN dosage in patients with a clear FTD were detected. The cognitive state has been investigated through mini mental state examination (MMSE).Results: MCI-FTD showed a significant lower spectral power in both alpha and theta oscillations as compared to overt FTD. GRN mutations carriers affected by FTLD show an increase in high alpha and decrease in theta oscillations as compared to non-carriers.Conclusion: EEG frequency rhythms are sensible to different stage of FTD and could detect changes in brain oscillatory activity affected by GRN mutations.
Highlights
Fronto-temporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by behavioral abnormalities, language impairment, and deficits in executive functions as the most typical clinical features (Seelaar et al, 2011)
Diagnostic Criteria Clinical diagnosis of FTLD and Lewy Body Disease (LBD) were made according to international guidelines (McKeith et al, 1996; Neary et al, 1998) as well as more recent revised criteria for the diagnosis of frontotemporal dementia (Gorno-Tempini et al, 2011; Rascovsky et al, 2011)
ANOVA analysis showed a decrease of the theta and alpha spectral power in mild cognitive impairment (MCI)-fronto-temporal dementia (FTD) as compared to both PGRN positive
Summary
Fronto-temporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by behavioral abnormalities, language impairment, and deficits in executive functions as the most typical clinical features (Seelaar et al, 2011). FTD is chacterized by early stages, usually named mild cognitive impairment (MCI), that are still not completely characterized. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a clinical stage indicating a prodromal phase of dementia. This practical concept could be used for fronto-temporal dementia (FTD). The working hypothesis of the present study is that EEG oscillations could detect different modifications among FTLD stages (FTD-MCI versus overt FTD) as well as differences between GRN mutation carriers versus non-carriers in patients with overt FTD
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