Programming with singular and plural non-deterministic functions

Abstract

Non-strict non-deterministic functions are one of the most distinctive features of functional-logic languages. Traditionally, two semantic alternatives have been considered for this kind of functions: call-time choice and run-time choice. While the former is the standard choice of modern implementations of FLP, the latter lacks some basic properties--mainly compositionality--that have prevented its use in practical FLP implementations. Recently, a new compositional plural semantics for FLP has been proposed. Although this semantics allows an elegant encoding of some problems--in particular those with an implicit manipulation of sets of values--, call-time choice still remains the best option for many common programming patterns.In this paper we explore the expressive possibilities of the combination of singular and plural non-determinism. After formalizing the intended semantics by means of a logic calculus, several significant examples exploiting the capabilities of the semantics are presented. These examples have been tested and developed in a Maude-based prototype whose implementation is outlined.