Abstract
High quality electric power supply is the prime goal in the modern power systems around the world. One of the main ways to achieve this is the protection of the system which needs to be fast, reliable and cost effective. The objective of this paper is to provide protection of equipments in low voltage (LV) distribution system and thereafter to avoid their failure due to abnormal operating conditions. The proposed device provides protection for industrial, commercial and residential equipments by monitoring under voltage, over voltage and over current conditions using microcontroller, transistor and other discrete components. The microcontroller is the heart of this protective device which performs the major control of the device. The designed circuit can withstand the loads and the set voltage range so as to supply the connected load for any voltage variation between 220 and 240 Volts. It can be used to protect loads such as refrigerator, TV, VCR/DVD player etc. against undesirable over and under voltage conditions as well as surges caused due to sudden failure of power supply mains. This device can also be used directly as standalone equipment between the supply mains and the load. The over/under voltage and over current cut-off with time delay provides over/under-voltage and over current protection and also protection against any transients.
Highlights
The purpose of the electrical power distribution system is to supply good quality, safe and reliable power to the consumers, load centres, industrial plants, etc
Electrical Power System protection is required for protection of both user and the system equipment from faults; electrical appliances are not allowed to operate without any protective device installed
The aim of this work is to develop a protective system that monitors the abnormal conditions that taking place in low voltage (LV) distribution systems and provide breakpoint based on low/ high voltage and over current tripping mechanism; that avoids any damage to the load, various industrial and domestic appliances consisting of fluctuation in the AC mains
Summary
The purpose of the electrical power distribution system is to supply good quality, safe and reliable power to the consumers, load centres, industrial plants, etc. The quality and security of power system are disturbed due to faults and failures occurring. Protection against sudden over voltages in substations is a vital part of the overall reliability of power systems [2, 3]. Since major stations generally include strategic and highly valuable power equipment, surge protection is essential to avoid or minimize major system disturbances as well as major equipment failures. Transient over voltages occurring in Voltage irregularities are one of the greatest power quality issue faced by industry and domestic appliances is responsible for damaging valuable electrical equipments. Electrical Power System protection is required for protection of both user and the system equipment from faults; electrical appliances are not allowed to operate without any protective device installed. Power System fault is defined as undesirable condition that occurs in the power system like short circuit, current leakage, ground short, over current, under and over voltage, etc
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