Abstract

The membrane attack complex (MAC) of the mammalian complement system is a natural and efficient killing machine that constitutes an essential part of the innate immune response. The MAC is activated by invasion by a pathogen by triggering a cascade of enzyme activation and proteolytic cleavage events, which result in the assembly of so-called complement proteins to a pore in the pathogen’s plasma membrane that causes its death. Complement component C9 (C9) forms tubular assemblies of with a diameter of approximately 12 nm even in the absence of the other MAC proteins.

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