Abstract
A programmable magnetic input, based on the magnetic interaction of a soft and hard magnetic layer is presented for the first time. Therefore, a single-domain Co/Pt nanomagnet is placed on top of one end of a permalloy bar, separated by a thin dielectric layer. The permalloy bar of the introduced input structure is magnetized by weak easy-axis in-plane fields. Acting like a 'magnetic amplifier', the generated fringing fields of the permalloy pole are strong enough to control the magnetization of the superimposed Co/Pt nanomagnets, which have high crystalline perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. This magnetostatic interaction results in a shift of the hysteresis curve of the Co/Pt nanomagnet, measured by magneto-optical Kerr microscopy. The Co/Pt nanomagnet is fixed by the fringing field of the permalloy and thereby not a!ected by the magnetic power clock of the Nanomagnetic Logic system. MFM measurements verify the functionality of the programmable magnetic input structure. The fringing fields are extracted from micromagnetic simulations and are in good agreement with experimental results. The introduced input structure enables switching the logic functionality of the majority gate from NAND to NOR during runtime, o!ering programmable Nanomagnetic Logic.
Highlights
Nanomagnetic Logic (NML) is envisioned to complement state-of-the-art CMOS technology by providing non-volatile computing states for low power applications [1]
Acting like a ’magnetic amplifier’, the generated fringing fields of the permalloy pole are strong enough to control the magnetization of the superimposed Co/Pt nanomagnets, which have high crystalline perpendicular magnetic anisotropy
The 20 nm thick permalloy is evaporated on a silicon substrate, using a 2 nm Ti adhesion layer and it is structured in a lift-off process. 75 nm of hydrogen silsesquioxanes (HSQ) are spin coated as dielectric interlayer to adjust the distance of the permalloy pole to the Co/Pt nanomagnet in the way of planarizing the permalloy bar and to provide a smooth surface for the overlying Co/Pt layer
Summary
Nanomagnetic Logic (NML) is envisioned to complement state-of-the-art CMOS technology by providing non-volatile computing states for low power applications [1]. Basic elements of these systems are ferromagnetic, singledomain nanomagnets with either in-plane [2] or perpendicular magnetization [3] [4]. The information is transmitted between the logic elements by magnetic inverter chains [6], in which well-defined local FIB irradiation is used to generate artificial nucleation centers These weakest links govern the reversal process of the magnets and thereby ensure the directed signal flow. This magnetic interaction is used to experimentally demonstrate a programmable hard-magnetic nanodot suitable for on-chip programmable magnetic inputs in NML systems
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