Abstract
Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease. Prognosis and survival depend on several factors that determine tumor behavior and response to therapy. AML has a poor prognosis that depends on several factors: patient's age, gender, body mass index (BMI), baseline white blood cells count, and bone marrow blast (BMB) cell count at the time of diagnosis. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prognostic role of these factors and their impact on outcomes, and how these prognostic factors may affect AML patients before and after induction chemotherapy.Methods: The study design is an observational, retrospective record review. We included records of patients diagnosed with primary and secondary AML who received chemotherapy between 2013 and 2019 at King Abdulaziz University in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Data were extracted from medical records, entered into an Excel sheet (Microsoft Corp., Redmond, WA), and analyzed using SPSS Statistics, version 25 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY).Results: Forty-two AML patients who were started on chemotherapy were analyzed. The mean age at diagnosis was 35 ± 22.2 years; 52.4% were male. The ability to achieve the first remission varied according to age group; the 21-45 age group had the higher ability and survival rate of 75.0%. On the other hand, the mortality incidence was higher (at 70.0%) in both the 11-20 and the 46-70 age groups. A strong negative correlation was observed between age and survival duration after treatment (SDAT) (r = - 0.618, p = 0.004). The death incidence was increased in the BMI ranges that were under and above the normal weight range. SDAT differed significantly between the three groups in favor of the normal-weight patients (p = 0.019). We found that patients with BMB < 5 had the most deaths. There was a significant negative association between BMB and days to achieve the first remission after treatment (p = 0.033). Conclusion: Age, BMI, and BMB are considered effective prognostic factors for AML patients.
Highlights
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant hematological disease characterized by the infiltration of the bone marrow, blood, and other tissues through clonal expansion and poorly differentiated cells of the hematopoietic system [1]
Our study aimed to investigate AML prognostic factors including age, sex, body mass index (BMI), red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and PLT count, in addition to bone marrow blast (BMB) and peripheral blood blast (PBB) factors, and to evaluate the chemotherapy response of patients in King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH), Jeddah, Saudi Araba
This study is a retrospective record review which was conducted by reviewing all AML patients' records and including those who were on chemotherapy from 2013 to 2019, at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Summary
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant hematological disease characterized by the infiltration of the bone marrow, blood, and other tissues through clonal expansion and poorly differentiated cells of the hematopoietic system [1]. AML accounts for the largest number of deaths in leukemia patients in the United States [1] It affects bone marrow (BM) stem cells, the myeloid cells resulting in a higher increase in myeloid blasts number (the immature form) and arresting the maturation of these blasts [2,3]. The typical treatment for most types of AML is chemotherapy, sometimes combined with a targeted therapy drug [6] This might be followed by a stem cell transplant, surgery, or radiation therapy [6]. AML has a poor prognosis that depends on several factors: patient's age, gender, body mass index (BMI), baseline white blood cells count, and bone marrow blast (BMB) cell count at the time of diagnosis. This study aimed to determine the prognostic role of these factors and their impact on outcomes, and how these prognostic factors may affect AML patients before and after induction chemotherapy
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