Abstract
BackgroundTumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the major immune cells in tumor microenvironment. The prognostic significance of TAMs has been confirmed in various tumors. However, whether TAMs can be prognostic factors in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is unclear. In this study, we aimed to clarify the prognostic value of TAMs in ccRCC.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase, and the Web of Science for relevant published studies before December 19, 2020. Evidence from enrolled studies were pooled and analyzed by a meta-analysis. Hazard ratios (HRs) and odd ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed to evaluate the pooled results.ResultsBoth of high CD68+ TAMs and M2-TAMs were risk factors for poor prognosis in ccRCC patients. The pooled HRs indicated that elevated CD68+ TAMs correlated with poor OS and PFS (HR: 3.97, 95% CI 1.39–11.39; HR: 5.73, 95% CI 2.36–13.90, respectively). For M2-TAMs, the pooled results showed ccRCC patients with high M2-TAMs suffered a worse OS and shorter PFS, with HR 1.32 (95% CI 1.16–1.50) and 1.40 (95% CI 1.14–1.72), respectively. Also, high density of TAMs was associated with advanced clinicopathological features in ccRCC.ConclusionsTAMs could be potential biomarkers for prognosis and novel targets for immunotherapy in ccRCC. Further researches are warranted to validate our results.
Highlights
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a major malignancy in human urinary system, in which clear cell renal cell carcinoma is the most common histologic type
The inclusion criteria were as follows: 1) the diagnosis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) was confirmed by histopathological examination; 2) tumorassociated macrophages were evaluated in tumor tissues; 3) the information about clinicopathological characteristics or prognosis of patients was displayed; 4) studies were published in English
In terms of biomarker for Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) evaluation, CD68 was used in five studies, CD163 in five, CD204 in two, CD206 and CD11c in one
Summary
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a major malignancy in human urinary system, in which clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common histologic type. It was reported that RCC accounted for about 2.2% of all tumors with approximately 403,262 new cases in 2018, and the mortality was around 175,098 (1.8%) [1]. The incidence or mortality profile of RCC was associated. Prognostic Value of TAMs in ccRCC with human development index (HDI) of regions. People from high/very high HDI countries had a higher incidence and mortality of RCC in both male and female than whom in low/ medium HDI regions [1]. Whether TAMs can be prognostic factors in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is unclear. We aimed to clarify the prognostic value of TAMs in ccRCC
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