Prognostic Value of the Number of Removed Lymph Nodes in Vulvar Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients With Node-Positive Disease: A Population-Based Study.

San-Gang Wu,Zhen-Yu He,Qiong-Hua Chen,Jia-Yuan Sun,Juan Zhou,Wen-Wen Zhang

doi:10.3389/fonc.2018.00184

Abstract

To investigate the effect of the number of removed lymph nodes (RLNs) on outcomes in patients with node-positive vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). This population-based retrospective study included vulvar SCC patients recorded on the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results database, who received surgery and lymphadenectomy. Cox regression proportional hazards were used for multivariate analysis. The number of RLNs was examined as a 4-level categorical variable based on quartiles. In total, 703 patients were identified. Patients with a higher RLN count had a significantly higher number of positive lymph nodes. The 3-year cause-specific survival (CSS) rates were 48.9, 65.9, 73.1, and 67.3% in patients with 1-6, 7-10, 11-16, and 17-45 RLNs, respectively (p < 0.001), and the 3-year overall survival (OS) rates were 36.1, 50.6, 61.1, and 57.6%, for the same RLN groups, respectively (p < 0.001). RLN count was an independent predictor of outcome. Using 7-10 RLNs as reference, patients with 1-6 RLNs had poor CSS [hazard ratio (HR) 1.727, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.201-2.485, p = 0.003] and OS (HR 1.436, 95% CI 1.078-1.911, p = 0.013), while there were comparable outcomes in patients with 11-16 and 17-45 RLNs to patients with 7-10 RLNs. Adjuvant radiotherapy improved CSS (p = 0.023) and OS (p = 0.003) in patients with ≤6 RLNs, but was not associated with better outcomes in patients with >6 RLNs. The removal of more than six lymph nodes improves vulvar SCC outcomes in patients with node-positive disease.

Highlights

Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a rare gynecological malignancy, accounting for approximately 3–5% of all gynecological cancers [1, 2]
A study of a population-based cohort from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) program has confirmed that a higher removed lymph nodes (RLNs) count found during lymphadenectomy was associated with significantly better disease-specific survival in patients with stage III node-negative vulvar SCC, but not in patients with early-stage vulvar cancer [6]
A higher PLN count was seen in patients with a higher RLN count, and Group 2, 3, and 4 patients had a significantly higher number of RLNs compared with Group 1

Summary

Introduction

Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a rare gynecological malignancy, accounting for approximately 3–5% of all gynecological cancers [1, 2]. Several previous studies have found that in patients with node-negative vulvar SCC, an increased number of removed lymph nodes (RLNs) was significantly associated with better outcomes [4,5,6,7,8]. In patients with early-stage vulvar SCC, sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has been confirmed as safe and feasible [9,10,11], with no significant difference in clinical outcomes between inguinal-femoral lymphadenectomy and SLNB [12]. A study of a population-based cohort from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) program has confirmed that a higher RLN count found during lymphadenectomy was associated with significantly better disease-specific survival in patients with stage III node-negative vulvar SCC, but not in patients with early-stage vulvar cancer [6]

Methods

Results

Conclusion