Prognostic Value of Red Cell Distribution Width in Patients With Pulmonary Embolism

Abstract

Elevated red blood cell distribution width (RDW) has been associated with adverse outcomes of heart failure and pulmonary hypertension. A total of 702 consecutive patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE) were evaluated. There was a graded increase in mortality rate with RDW quartiles of 5.8% in quartile I (≤13.6), 9.7% in quartile II (13.7%-14.5%), 13.1% in quartile III (14.6%-16.3%), and 20% in quartile IV (>16.3%; P < .001). Patients who died had higher baseline RDW values (16.1% [11.7-28.3] vs 14.5% [10.7-32.5]; P < .001). The optimal cutoff value of RDW for predicting in-hospital mortality was ≥15%. The area under the curve of mortality for RDW was 0.649 (confidence interval [CI]: 0.584-0.715); the negative predictive value was 93%. In multivariable regression analysis, RDW remained associated with an increased odds of death (odds ratio: 1.2, 95% CI: 1.1-1.4). High RDW level was an independent predictor of short-term mortality in PE. The RDW levels may provide a potential marker to predict outcome in patients with PE.