Prognostic value of electrocardiographic time intervals and QT rate dependence in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Abstract

IntroductionPreventing sudden cardiac death (SCD) is one of the main goals in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Many variables have been proposed, however the European and American guidelines do not incorporate any ECG or Holter monitoring derived variables other than the presence of ventricular arrhythmia in their risk stratification models. In the present study we evaluated electrocardiographic parameters in risk stratification of HCM. Methods and resultsNovel electrocardiographic parameters including the index of cardio-electrophysiological balance (iCEB), individualized QT correction (QTi) and QT rate dependence were evaluated along with established risk factors. A composite endpoint of SCD was defined as out of hospital cardiac arrest, appropriate ICD shock and sustained ventricular tachycardia. Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate predictors of SCD. Out of the 466 HCM patients, 31 reached the composite endpoint during a follow up of 75 ± 86 months. In a multivariate model, nor iCEB, QTi or QT rate dependence were predictors of SCD. Only male gender (p < 0.01; OR 13.1; CI 1.74–98.83), negative T waves in the inferior leads (p = 0.04; OR 2.51; CI 1.03–6.13) and familial sudden death (p < 0.01; OR 3.03; CI 1.39–6.59) were significant predictors. On top of either the ESC risk score or the 3 traditional ‘American risk factors’, only male gender was a significant predictor of SCD. ConclusionNo ECG or Holter monitoring parameters added in risk stratification for SCD in HCM. However, male gender and negative T waves in the inferior leads are promising novel markers to evaluate in larger cohorts.