Prognostic value of chemokines in patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation

Abstract

BackgroundChemokines play an important role in inflammation and atherosclerosis. However, little is known about the relationship between chemokines and the prognosis of atrial fibrillation (AF). This “real-world” cohort study was designed to observe the prognostic value of plasma CC motif chemokine ligand (CCL) 18, CCL23, CCL28, CXC motif chemokine ligand (CXCL) 14, CXCL16 in newly diagnosed AF patients. MethodsBaseline plasma levels of chemokines were measured in a cohort with 299 AF patients using Bio-plex Pro™ xMAP arrays. A Cox proportional hazard model was used to evaluate the associations of chemokines with AF outcomes. Net reclassification improvement (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) were calculated to evaluate the improvement of chemokines to CHA2DS2-VASc score. ResultsHigh CCL18 (hazard ratio [HR] 2.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.18–5.98, P = 0.019) and CCL23 levels (HR 2.78, 95%CI 1.07–7.22, P = 0.036) were associated with stroke in AF patient. Patients with low CXCL14 (HR 0.39, 95%CI 0.15–0.97, P = 0.042) and high CXCL16 levels (HR 3.02, 95%CI 1.39–6.58, P = 0.005) have increased risk of all-cause mortality. High CCL16 levels (HR 5.41, 95%CI 2.32–12.63, P < 0.001) were associated with cardiovascular death. However, CCL28 had no significant association with outcomes. Adding chemokines to CHA2DS2-VASc score increased the reclassification and clinical net benefit. ConclusionsPlasma levels of CCL18, CCL23, CXCL14, and CXCL16 were independently associated with AF outcomes. Chemokines added to CHA2DS2-VASc score significantly enhanced risk assessment for the outcomes. Incorporation of chemokines into clinical decisions may help the management of AF treatment.