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Abstract
Numerous clinical studies investigated how low expression of CD9 predicts poor prognosis of solid tumor. However, the results were inconclusive. This present meta-analysis was therefore performed to determine the prognostic value of CD9 expression in solid tumors. In this meta-analysis, 25 studies involving 5,555 participants were included; the result showed strong significant associations between declined expression of CD9 and all endpoints: overall survival (OS) (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.45–2.43, p < 0.000) and time to progression (TTP) (HR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.38–2.88, p < 0.000). The subgroup analysis was also performed, which revealed that the associations between CD9 downregulated expression related to poor OS in lung cancer and head and neck cancer. Also, low expression of CD9 was significantly connected with poor TTP in patients with head and neck cancer. The adverse prognostic impact of decreased expression of CD9 was observed in patients of different ethnicities. In conclusion, these results showed that declined expression of CD9 was associated with poor survival in human solid tumors. CD9 may be a valuable prognostic predictive biomarker and a potential therapeutic target in human solid tumors.
Highlights
CD9, a 24- to 27-kDa cell surface glycoprotein, known as motility-related protein-1 (MRP-1), leukemia-associated cell surface antigen p24, and TSPAN29, belongs to the transmembrane-4 superfamily (TM4SF), which consists of four transmembrane domains, a small intracellular loop, and two extracellular loops [1, 2]
A Systematic Review gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) [30], and that decreased expression of CD9 strongly correlated with the progression, increased risk of recurrence, angiogenesis, and metastasis of some malignant tumors [26, 30, 31], as well as a significantly increased risk of malignancy [32]
After the abstracts or full text was scanned, 222 records were excluded by reason of no relevant information provided (n = 197); experimental research (n = 3); without prognosis data (n = 2); and irrelevance (n = 20)
Summary
CD9, a 24- to 27-kDa cell surface glycoprotein, known as motility-related protein-1 (MRP-1), leukemia-associated cell surface antigen p24, and TSPAN29, belongs to the transmembrane-4 superfamily (TM4SF), which consists of four transmembrane domains, a small intracellular loop, and two extracellular loops [1, 2]. The study of Lewitowicz has shown that above 98% of GISTs have moderate-to-strong expression of CD9 [33]. This proof implied that MRP-1 would be further reckoned as a promising indicator of prognosis of cancer. In locally advanced gastric cancer, high expression of CD9 was negatively associated with the prognosis [33]. The outcome of these individual researches was inconsistent. This meta-analysis was deliberately calculated to illuminate the outcome value of CD9, and this glycoprotein may be a promising therapeutic target in solid tumors
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