Prognostic value of 2D echocardiography in patients presenting with acute chest pain and non-diagnostic ECG for ST-elevation myocardial infarction

Abstract

The purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that early detection of regional wall motion abnormalities (WMA) by 2D echocardiography (ECHO) accurately predicts further cardiac events in patients presenting with acute chest pain. A prospective analysis was performed in subjects admitted with the first presentation of acute chest pain and a non-diagnostic ECG for acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Patients with known coronary artery disease were excluded. All subjects were contacted by phone for a 30days follow-up regarding cardiac events defined as PCI/CABG, AMI, and death. In 132 consecutive patients (89 male, 43 female) complete data sets consisting of case history (H; abnormal: typical angina), ECG (abnormal: ST-depression, T-inversion, atypical ST-elevation, LBBB), serum markers (TnI; abnormal: elevation of troponin I=0.5 ng/ml), ECHO (abnormal: WMA) and follow-up were available. In 45 patients, 60 cardiac events occurred (three deaths, 24 AMI, 33 PCI/CABG). Positive (PPV; %) and negative predictive values (NPV; %) of ECHO were superior to all other diagnostic tests ( P<0.05 each) for adverse cardiac events, evolving AMI or death, and superior to history and ECG for later need of revascularisation (PCI/ACVB). Multivariate analysis revealed that WMA in ECHO predict cardiac events independently of age, gender, and the common combination of investigations (H/ECG/TnI). A significant independent impact of ECHO was also determined for the prediction of AMI/death or PCI/CABG. The study shows that early 2D echocardiography provides superior prognostic information concerning the risk of subsequent complications in patients with acute chest pain and a non-diagnostic ECG for ST-elevation–AMI.