Abstract
BackgroundGrowing evidence has shown that the prognosis for colon cancer depends on changes in microenvironment. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the prognostic value of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) related to immune microenvironment (IM) in colon cancer.MethodsSingle sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was used to identify the subtypes of colon cancer based on the immune genomes of 29 immune signatures. Cox regression analysis identified a lncRNA signatures associated with immune infiltration. The Tumor Immune Estimation Resource database was used to analyze immune cell content.ResultsColon cancer samples were divided into three subtypes by unsupervised cluster analysis. Cox regression analysis identified an immune infiltration-related 5-lncRNA signature. This signature combined with clinical factors can effectively improve the predictive ability for the overall survival (OS) of colon cancer. At the same time, we found that the expression of H19 affects the content of B cells and macrophages in the microenvironment of colon cancer and affects the prognosis of colon cancer. Finally, we constructed the H19 regulatory network and further analyzed the possible mechanisms. We found that knocking down the expression of H19 can significantly inhibit the expression of CCND1 and VEGFA. At the same time, the immunohistochemical assay found that the expression of CCND1 and VEGFA protein was significantly positively correlated with the infiltration of M2 type macrophages.ConclusionThe findings may help to formulate clinical strategies and understand the underlying mechanisms of H19 regulation. H19 may be a biomarker for targeted treatment of colon cancer.
Highlights
Growing evidence has shown that the prognosis for colon cancer depends on changes in microenvironment
We found that the expression of H19 affects the content of B cells and macrophages in the microenvironment of colon cancer and affects the prognosis of colon cancer
Immunogenomic profiling identifies three colon cancer subtypes The score for each sample by Single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) is based on 29 immune signatures (Additional file 1: Table S1)
Summary
Growing evidence has shown that the prognosis for colon cancer depends on changes in microenvironment. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the prognostic value of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) related to immune microenvironment (IM) in colon cancer. Colon cancer has become the most common gastrointestinal tumor. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is composed of fluid, immune cells, stromal cells, extracellular matrix, and numerous cytokines and chemokines [9]. The levels of these cells and molecules reflect the evolutionary nature of cancer and promote tumor immune escape, tumor growth and metastasis [10]. Understanding the composition and function of TME molecules is essential for the effective management of cancer progression and the immune response [13]
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