Abstract
The digit ratio has been used as a retrospective noninvasive biomarker to investigate the putative effects of prenatal exposure to androgens. In recent years, many scholars have paid attention to the association between 2D:4D (the second and fourth digits) and prostatic cancer. This study explored the prognostic significance of digit ratio in prostate cancer patients. We reviewed the progressive status and survival of 382 prostate cancer patients who had received hormone therapy at our institutions. Survival of clinicopathological variables analyzed as categorical variables were determined by the log-rank test. According to Cox’s proportional hazards analysis, R2D:4D, L2D:4D, PSA at 6 month,bone metastasis were significant independent factors for prostate cancer. The risk of any progression of prostate cancer similarly depressed with increasing 2D:4D, for any progression (R2D:4D HR = 0.71, p = 0.003; L2D:4D HR = 0.67, p = 0.001), for cancer-specific death (R2D:4D HR = 0.67, p = 0.025; L2D:4D HR = 0.74, p = 0.036). Digit ratio may not only have predictive value in risk but also prognosis of prostatic cancer. This finding suggests that low 2D:4D can be used as prognostic factors to identify patients with a poor prognosis. These patients may benefit from more aggressive management.
Highlights
Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in men, with a reported incidence of 165.8 per 100, 0001
Nineteen genes have been identified to influence in digit ratio establishment[6], and the HOX, androgen receptor (AR) and LIN28B have been speculated to reflect on digit ratio in humans[7, 8]
Despite the controversy and criticism[29], it has been postulated that digit ratio was associated with the CAG repeats number in the AR genes[30]
Summary
Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in men, with a reported incidence of 165.8 per 100, 0001. Nineteen genes have been identified to influence in digit ratio establishment[6], and the HOX, androgen receptor (AR) and LIN28B have been speculated to reflect on digit ratio in humans[7, 8] These genes are correlated with prenatal testosterone (PT) or prenatal estrogen (PE), being up or down regulated by the exposure to these hormones. Prostate cancer is the neoplasm most connected to 2D:4D, which has been studied by several ethnic groups such as American, Australian, Brazilian, British, Indian, Korean, and Spanish[9, 14,15,16,17,18,19,20] These groups have evaluated the influence of digit ratio over the prevalence and severity of prostate cancer, as well as prostatic specific antigen (PSA) and Gleason scores. This study was undertaken to explore the prognostic significance of digit ratio in prostate cancer patients who had received hormone therapy at our institutions
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