Abstract
Hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) is a novel jack-of-all-trades in cancer. Here we quantify the prognostic impact of this biomarker and assess how consistent is its expression in solid tumors. A comprehensive search strategy was used to search relevant literature updated on October 3, 2014 in PubMed, EMBASE and WEB of Science. Correlations between HDGF expression and clinicopathological features or cancer prognosis was analyzed. All pooled HRs or ORs were derived from random-effects models. Twenty-six studies, primarily in Eastern Asia, covering 2,803 patients were included in the analysis, all of them published during the past decade. We found that HDGF overexpression was significantly associated with overall survival (OS) (HROS=2.35, 95%CI=2.04-2.71, p<0.001) and disease free survival (DFS) (HRDFS=2.25, 95%CI =1.81-2.79, p<0.001) in solid tumors, especially in non-small cell lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Moreover, multivariate survival analysis showed that HDGF overexpression was an independent predictor of poor prognosis (HROS=2.41, 95%CI: 2.02-2.81, p<0.001; HRDFS=2.39, 95%CI: 1.77-3.24, p<0.001). In addition, HDGF overexpression was significantly associated with tumor category (T3-4 versus T1-2, OR=2.12, 95%CI: 1.17-3.83, p=0.013) and lymph node status (N+ versus N-, OR=2.37, 95%CI: 1.31-4.29, p=0.03) in CCA. This study provides a comprehensive examination of the literature available on the association of HDGF overexpression with OS, DFS and some clinicopathological features in solid tumors. Meta-analysis results provide evidence that HDGF may be a new indicator of poor cancer prognosis. Considering the limitations of the eligible studies, other large-scale prospective trials must be conducted to clarify the prognostic value of HDGF in predicting cancer survival.
Highlights
GLOBOCAN 2012 showed that the new cases and deaths of cancers were respectively increased by 11.02% and 1.08% in 2012 compared with 2008
We found that Hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) overexpression was significantly associated with overall survival (OS) (HROS=2.35, 95%confidence interval (CI)=2.04-2.71, p
This study provides a comprehensive examination of the literature available on the association of HDGF overexpression with OS, DFS and some clinicopathological features in solid tumors
Summary
GLOBOCAN 2012 showed that the new cases and deaths of cancers were respectively increased by 11.02% and 1.08% in 2012 compared with 2008. The clinical outcome is disillusionary (Woodward, 2014) mainly due to tumor local recurrence or distal metastasis (Ordonez-Moran et al, 2014). It is still emergency and necessary for us to find more effective and applicable tumor markers to predict prognosis and progression of cancers and improve the patients’ quality of life and reduce mortality. As a multifunctional protein (Zhao et al, 2011; Bao et al, 2014) widely expressed by many types of human cells, HDGF is involved in the regulations of a myriad of cancer. To the best of our knowledge, no meta-analysis data on the correlation of HDGF expression with the prognosis and survival of patients with whole solid tumors are yet available. We conducted a meta-analysis aimed at evaluating the value of HDGF as a prognostic marker for cancer and to determine the relationship between HDGF and several clinicpathological features of solid tumors
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