Prognostic risk stratification of intracranial injuries fractures of the skull after a traumatic brain injury of mild severity

Abstract

Craniocerebral trauma is a significant medical and social problem affecting all demographic groups of the population, leading to persistent or temporary disability and even mortality. Fractures in mild TBI can lead to severe damage to the structures of the brain, which is manifested by the corresponding symptoms. Prognostic analyses of fractures of the skull in head injury of mild severity is needed to identify patients with an increased risk of residual impacts and to use resources more risk averse subgroup. A large-scale retrospective study of 2228 patients of both sexes and different age groups was conducted. Risk stratification of prognostic clinical signs determining the probability of intracranial lesions in patients with mild and moderate TBI was performed. When detecting fractures and their combination, prognostic criteria are: headache, loss of consciousness, alcohol intoxication, GCS, skull deformity, bleeding from the nose or ear, liquorrhea, dangerous injury mechanisms such as an accident, a dangerous fall as a fall on the back of the head or a fall above one’s height, work injury, fracture of the bones of the cranial vault (by CT), fracture of the skull base (by CT), epidural hematoma, foci of brain contusion, foci of SAC and depressed fracture.