Abstract

BackgroundMastitis is the most frequent diseases for transition cows. Identification of potential biomarkers for diagnosis of mastitis is important for its prevention. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate blood variables related to lipid metabolism, oxidative stress and inflammation, and serum variables that are related to health in postpartum cows.ResultsSeventy-six healthy Holstein dairy cows at week 4 before calving were selected to collect blood samples from weeks − 4 to 4 weekly relative to calving, respectively. Milk yield and composition were recorded weekly. According to the cut-off of somatic cell counts (SCC) for diagnosis of mastitis, 33 cows with SCC ≥ 500,000 cells ml− 1, 20 cows with 200,000 cells ≤ SCC < 500,000 cells ml− 1, and 23 cows with SCC < 200,000 cells ml− 1 were defined as high, middle, and low SCC, respectively. Serum concentrations of β-hydroxybutyrate were higher (P < 0.01) during all weeks, and non-esterified fatty acids were higher in high SCC than in low SCC cows from weeks − 3 to 2 relative to calving. Higher serum concentrations of superoxide dismutase (P < 0.01) and lower malondialdehyde levels (P < 0.01) in low SCC than in high SCC cows indicate that the latter suffered from oxidative stress. The difference analysis of the three groups suggested that none of the above-mentioned variables can be used as potential prognostic candidates. On the other hand, high SCC cows exhibited higher blood neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR, P < 0.01) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR, P < 0.01) than low SCC cows, with a higher NLR (P < 0.01) in middle SCC than in low SCC cows. The high SCC cows had lower levels of anti-inflammatory factors including IL-10 (P = 0.05), but higher levels of proinflammatory factors such as IL-6 (P < 0.01), TNF-α (P < 0.05), and PSGL-1 (P < 0.01) than low SCC cows.ConclusionsThe significantly different NLR and PLR pre-partum between the middle and low SCC cows suggest their prognostic potential for postpartum mastitis risk.

Highlights

  • Mastitis is the most frequent diseases for transition cows

  • This inflammatory response can be reflected by some blood indicators, such as blood neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet-tolymphocyte ratio (PLR) [11]

  • According to the cut-off of somatic cell count (SCC) for diagnosis of mastitis, 33 cows with SCC ≥ 500,000 cells ml− 1, 20 cows with 200, 000 cells ≤ SCC < 500,000 cells ml− 1, and 23 cows with SCC < 200,000 cells ml− 1 were defined as high (HSCC), middle (MSCC), and low SCC (LSCC), respectively

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Summary

Introduction

Mastitis is the most frequent diseases for transition cows. Identification of potential biomarkers for diagnosis of mastitis is important for its prevention. The impact of oxidative stress during the transition period may be a major underlying factor of inflammatory and immune dysfunction in dairy cattle, further resulting in metabolic diseases such as mastitis during the post-partum stage [3]. Cancer-related inflammatory cells can secrete a series of inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines, and promote tumor proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. This inflammatory response can be reflected by some blood indicators, such as blood neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet-tolymphocyte ratio (PLR) [11]. Both NLR and PLR have been recognized as effective indicators of systemic inflammatory response and have good prognostic value for some malignant diseases [12]

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