Prognostic implications of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure in acute coronary syndromes with left ventricular ejection fraction of 40% or over

Abstract

IntroductionThere is still debate concerning the impact of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) on long-term prognosis after an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). ObjectiveTo assess LVEDP and its prognostic implications in ACS patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥40%. MethodsWe performed a prospective, longitudinal study of 1329 ACS patients from a single center between 2004 and 2006. LVEDP was assessed at the beginning of the coronary angiogram. Patients with LVEF >40% were included (n=489). The population was divided into three groups: A — LVEDP ≤19mmHg (n=186); B — LVEDP >19 and ≤27mmHg (n=172); and C — LVEDP >27mmHg (n=131). The primary endpoint of the analysis was readmission for congestive heart failure in the year following the index admission. ResultsMean LVEDP was 22.8±7.8mmHg. The groups were similar age, gender, cardiovascular risk factors, cardiovascular history, and medication prior to admission. There was an association between higher LVEDP and: admission for ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction (35.4 vs. 45.9 vs. 56.7%, p<0.01), higher peak levels of cardiac biomarkers, and lower LVEF (56.5±7.0 vs. 55.3±7.6 vs. 53.0±7.5%, p<0.01). There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of coronary anatomy, medical therapy during hospital stay and at discharge, or in-hospital mortality. With regard to the primary endpoint, cumulative freedom from congestive heart failure was higher in group A patients (99.4 vs. 97.6 vs. 94.4%, log rank p=0.02). In a multivariate Cox regression model, a 5-mmHg increase in LVEDP (HR 1.97, 95% CI 1.10–3.54, p=0.02) remained an independent predictor of the primary endpoint when adjusted for age, systolic function, atrial fibrillation, peak troponin I, renal function, and prescription of diuretics and beta-blockers. ConclusionIn selected population LVEDP was a significant prognostic marker of future admission for congestive heart failure.