Abstract
IntroductionThe prognostic significance of conversion from nonshockable to shockable rhythms in patients with initial nonshockable rhythms who experience out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) remains unclear. We hypothesized that the neurological outcomes in those patients would improve with subsequent shock delivery following conversion to shockable rhythms and that the time from initiation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation by emergency medical services personnel to the first defibrillation (shock delivery time) would influence those outcomes.MethodsWe analyzed the data of 569,937 OHCA adults with initial nonshockable rhythms. The data were collected in a nationwide Utstein-style Japanese database between 2005 and 2010. Patients were divided into subsequently shocked (n =21,944) and subsequently not-shocked (n =547,993) cohorts. The primary study endpoint was 1-month favorable neurological outcome (Cerebral Performance Categories scale, category 1 or 2).ResultsIn the subsequently shocked cohort, the ratio of 1-month favorable neurological outcome was significantly higher than that in the subsequently not-shocked cohort (1.79% versus 0.60%, P <0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis for 11 prehospital variables revealed that when the shock delivery time was less than 20 minutes, subsequent shock delivery was significantly associated with increased odds of 1-month favorable neurological outcomes (adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval), 6.55 (5.21 to 8.22) and 2.97 (2.58 to 3.43) for shock delivery times less than 10 minutes and from 10 to 19 minutes, respectively). However, when the shock delivery time was more than or equal to 20 minutes, subsequent shock delivery was not associated with increased odds of 1-month favorable neurological outcomes.ConclusionsIn patients with an initial nonshockable rhythm after OHCA, subsequent conversion to shockable rhythms during emergency medical services resuscitation efforts was associated with increased odds of 1-month favorable neurological outcomes when the shock delivery time was less than 20 minutes.
Highlights
The prognostic significance of conversion from nonshockable to shockable rhythms in patients with initial nonshockable rhythms who experience out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) remains unclear
Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that subsequent shock delivery in patients with an initial nonshockable rhythm was significantly associated with increased odds of prehospital return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), 1-month survival and 1-month favorable neurological outcomes when the shock delivery time was less than 20 minutes
We found that patients with initial nonshockable rhythms after OHCA could develop a shockable rhythm later on in the resuscitation, and some of these patients had favorable outcomes
Summary
The prognostic significance of conversion from nonshockable to shockable rhythms in patients with initial nonshockable rhythms who experience out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) remains unclear. We hypothesized that the neurological outcomes in those patients would improve with subsequent shock delivery following conversion to shockable rhythms and that the time from initiation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation by emergency medical services personnel to the first defibrillation (shock delivery time) would influence those outcomes. Thomas et al recently reported that survival to hospital discharge for OHCA patients with an initial nonshockable rhythm was not associated with conversion to a shockable rhythm during EMS resuscitation efforts (adjusted OR, 0.88; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.60 to 1.30) [14]. Our first objective in the present study was to examine whether neurological outcomes in patients with OHCA who had an initial nonshockable rhythm would improve with subsequent conversion to shockable rhythm following defibrillation. Our second objective was to determine whether the shock delivery time would be associated with 1-month neurological outcomes
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